Birthright Citizenship in the U.S.

What’s going on with birthright citizenship in the U.S.? In May 2025, there was oral argument at the Supreme Court on this topic. What was it really about? This explainer comic illustrates this specific point in the litigation.

Text says, "What's happening with birthright citizenship?" Illustration shows a baby holding a U.S. flag, in a bassinet. Sign on bassinet says "Welcome baby!"

Text says, "birthright citizenship has long been a no-brainer aside from some fringe theories. Just read the start of the Fourteenth Amendment." Illustration shows a drawing of a yellow scroll with text of 14th amendment of the U.S. Constitution.

Text says, "The fringe theories made it to the White House this year, and turned into an Executive Order." Illustration shows a White House with arms and legs holding the birthright citizenship executive order from January 2025.

Text says, "This was quickly put on hold (aka 'nationwide preliminary injunctions') by federal district courts in Seattle, Maryland, and Massachusetts. Illustration shows stick figure judges holding up papers that say "Not ok. Pause!"

Text says, "But the Government didn't stop there, asking the Supreme Court to decide that nationwide injunctions (holds) are wrong and should not apply to anyone other than the plaintiffs in the cases put on hold."

Illustrations how's White House holding a sign saying "We're not asking about the Constitution itself.." and text explains it's a procedural appeal.

Text explains that the case has yet to be decided, but unclear how Court will rule.

What is "stare decisis"?

What is stare decisis? And what has the Supreme Court done with it?

Illustration shows a pendulum, where the spots on the pendulum are listed as “legal, less legal, more legal very legal.”

Text of this page says, : We rely on our laws being fairly consistent, so that we can plan our lives, act accordingly. If laws and, crucially, our Constitutional rights, live on a pendulum, they’re not workable.

Text says: Stare decisive is a legal concept that means “stand by things decided.” Stop sign in illustration says “STARE DECISIS, (you decided this already, stop!” Justices at the bottom of illustration are thinking “Ah yes, that’s right, we decided this years ago.”

Text of this page shows an equation that says: If legal issue A = legal issue B and A is legal, or a right, or a certain interpretation, THEN, because of stare decisis, B is legal, a right or that certain interpretation (the same as A).

Text of this page says: When courts answer questions about the law, they are expected to do so within the context of their past decisions. An illustration of the justices saying “In 1950, we sed red dots were legal, so these red dots must be legal too!”

The illustration shows a red dot that says “ok” on it, and underneath it says, “back then.” On the right, is another red dot, that says “today” and also “ok” on it. Because of stare decisis, they are treated the same.

Text of this page says: Stare decisis means courts aren’t in the business of overruling themselves, except in rare circumstances when the earlier decision or view was “wrong.”

Illustration shows the stare decisis stop sign saying “Only in the RAREST of circumstances, you hear me? Only in the rarest of circumstances.” Below is the Supreme Court comparing the two red dots.

Text of this page says: The court was WRONG to say that racial segregation laws were ok, so it overruled itself.

Illustration shows big red blob that says “Separate but equal, Plessy v. Ferguson” being torn apart by a Supreme Court justice saying “That was wrong.”

Text of this page says: And the court was wrong to say that laws criminalizing sexual activity between adults of the same sex was ok, so it overruled itself.

Illustration of Supreme Court justice tearing apart a blob that refers to the case in question. Justice is saying “WRONG.”

This page is only text and says: In the past, overruling moved us FORWARD, correcting interpretations that prolonged the inequality our country was founded on* and conflicted with the spirit of equality in our founding text and subsequent amendments. Is what’s “wrong” in the eye of the beholder? Sure, but…

Text of this page says: Now, by overruling Roe v. Wade (and the case that affirmed it in 1991) and taking away a fundamental right, the court has moved us BACKWARDS, to a time where the state can interfere heavily into personal decisions about our bodies, families, and futures.

Illustration shows Supreme Court saying, “we’ll take that back. Not yours anymore” and grabbing at a red blob, signifying a right. Woman looking angry is saying “Hey, we’ve relied on this for decades!”

Text of this page says: Not only do we have fewer rights than we did a few months ago, but we have a court that has made it clear that stare decisis- the respect for precedent - DOES NOT MATTER - if the issue is one that at least five of the justices don’t like.

Illustration shows a split Supreme Court, one of them saying “Precedent? Who cares!” And another one saying, “We are the law now!”

The day they took away a fundamental right

On Friday, June 24, 2022, the U.S. Supreme Court took away a fundamental right from Americans when it overruled Roe v. Wade. Those who were watching closely had seen it coming for years, but that doesn’t mean it wasn’t a complete blow, to our senses of dignity and the legitimacy of the court, when it did finally happen.

The text in the middle of the page says, “this morning, I woke up with a FUNDAMENTAL RIGHT under my nation’s Constitution. Tonight, I go to sleep without it.” Illustration shows a woman waking up in the morning and then laying in bed, sad.

Text says, “What does it feel like to have had more rights than your daughter, fewer rights than your mother,”

Illustration shows a woman with a bob holding a blue blob, a collaged piece of paper. Next to her is a younger woman reaching for the blue blob, with torn up blue bits next to her.

Text says, “fewer rights than YOURSELF,”

Illustration shows a woman with tears coming down her face, tears created with collaged blue paper. She has her legs and arms crossed. Next to her are younger versions of herself, holding intact blue blobs (collaged paper). Text above each of them says, “a day ago, 6 months ago, 15 years ago,”

Text at the top says, “and a legal system that smashes a half century of legal precedent.” Illustration shows collaged bits of paper, mostly blue, some orange. They are pointy and all over the page, like an explosion. Under them is a Supreme Court bench, with 6 justices behind it, saying in a single voice, “Look what we can do!”

This page simply says, “This.” There are no illustrations.

In the middle of the page, it says “This is what it feels like.”

Below, towards the bottom, are a few of the collaged bits of paper from the prior drawing, in a tiny pile on the ground.